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Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is the compound with the
chemical formula PH3. It is a colorless, flammable, toxic gas. Pure phosphine
is odourless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like
garlic or rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and
diphosphine (P2H4). With traces of P2H4 present, PH3 is spontaneously flammable
in air, burning with a luminous flame. Phosphines are also a group of organophosphorus
compounds with the formula R3P (R = organic derivative). Organophosphines are
important in catalysts where they complex to various metal ions; complexes
derived from a chiral phosphine can catalyze reactions to give chiral products.
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